Hydrocarbon-burner.



I J NICE BIDBOOABBON BURNER.

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Patented May 13, 1913.

WITNESSES INVENTOR pew/4x Man n .411.

g BY 2 ATTORIJEY F. J. NICE. HYDBOOABBOH BURNER. APPLIOA'HOI rmm mum,m2.

Patented May 13, 1913.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 8.

A TTORNE Y v INVENTOR fizjrgxsss- FREDRICK J. NICE, OE PONTIAC,MICHIGAN.

HYDBOCARBON-BURNER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 13, 1913.

Application filed June 10, 1912. Serial No. 702,688.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FREDRICK J. NICE, a citizen of the United States,residing at lontiac, county of Oakland, State of Michigan, have inventedacertain new and useful Improvement in Hydrocarbon-Burners, and declarethe followin to be a full, clear, and exact description the same, suchas will enable others skilled in the art to which it pertains to makeand use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings,which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to hydro-carbon burners and to those that areespecially adapted to burn crude oil or heavy hydrocarbons. With such aty e of burner it is essential that the oil be t oroughly broken up andbe given ample opportunity to mix with the incoming air so that pro orcombustion may later take place. 0 secure these results I have designeda burner which I term a triple diffusion burner, for it is so arrangedthat the air strikes the fuel at three different points and the fuelgoes through three mixing processes before it arrives at the mouth ofthe nozzle where it is burned.

A further object of my invention is a nozzle shield which may be drop edover the front of the nozzle to cut 0 the intense heat of the furnacewhen the nozzle is not in use.

A still further feature of my burner is a. peculiar construction of sreader that is employed to spread the fue in the first instance, when itissues from the fuel i e.

Other features are a divider whic g find very eflcctivo in regulatingthe spread of the flame, and a novel form of perforated ring valve forcontrolling admission of air from the surrounding atmosphere.

A still further object is the em loyment of a relief valve that iscalculate to give the air pressure uniformity, re ardless of the actionof the pumps, or ot ier contingencies which may tend to fluctuate the[)l'OSSllIC.

In the drawings :+Figure 1, is a side elevation of the burner and theair feeding system and oil feeding system by which itis fed. The furnaceto which it is attached is shown in section. Fig. 2, is a section of theburner and furnace wall. Fig. 3, is an enlargement of art of the burner,showing more in detail the construction of the spreader and innernozzle. Fig. 4, is a detail section of a portion of the furnace wall,

showing the nozzle shield over the nozzle.

'Fig. 5, is a similar detail section, showing the shield removed from infront of the nozzle. Fi 6, is a section on the line (3-6 of Fig. 1. Fig.7, is a similar section, showing the valve turned to closed position.Fig. 8, is an elevation of the front of the nozzle, showing the dividerin position. Fig. 9, is a detail section of the ring valve and its seat.Fig. 10, is a detail of the adjustable attachment of the divider. Fig.11. is a vertical section of the relief valve. Fig. 12, is a section ofa high rcssure nozzle that is interchangeable with the nozzle shown inFigs. 2 and 3.

1, is the valve casin into which fits the initial nozzle 2 and wiich hasa fuel connection 3 that connects with a source of hydro-carbon. Avalve-stem casing 4 screws into the valve casin 1 opposite the point ofentrance of the initial nozzle. The outer end of the valve-stem casingis threaded for a cap I). A valve-stem 6 threads through the valve-stemcasing and is provided with a handle 7, by which it may be turned. Theend of the valve-stem 6 has an annular enlargement 8 which turns freelyin the block 9 to which the needle valve 10 is attached. Thisarrangement withdraws the needle valve from its seat, or ushes it uponits seat without turning it, he eby, preventing wear of the needle valveand its seat. Upon the end of the initial nozzle 2, there screws aspreader 11 which comprises a spreader block 12, the shape of a cone orfrustum of a cone. I find that a block the shape of a frustum of a conegives the bestresults as it spreads the fuel in a sheet while with thetrue cone block there is a tendency to bunch the fuel. The tapered endof the block is held opposite the opening in the nozzle by the bars 13.

It will readily be seen that as the fuel, under a pressure of saytwenty-five ounds to the square inch, issues from the orifice in thenozzle, that it strikes against the tapered end of the spreader blockand is spread t all sides of the inclosing secondary nozzle 14. An aircurrent. rushes into this secondary nozzle from the air conduit 15 whichscrews into the pipe union 16, from which the initial nozzle projectsand into which the secondary nozzle 14 screws. This air current rushesabout the initial nozzle and both aspirates the fuel and drives throughthe hydro-carbon s reading from the spreader block and brea ts it u intofine particles with which the incoming air mixes. The nozzle casing 17screws u on the secondary nozzle 14 on the same t reads that screw intothe pipe union 16 and a packing ring 38 intervenes between the pi eunion an the nozzle casing. This nozz e casing connects with a sccondarair conduit 18. The air under ressure is admitted in larger (llufltltlCStirou h this secondary air con; duitand into tie nozzle casing, rushingabout the secondary nozzle 14 and mixing and breaking the mixture upthat issues from the secondary nozzle 14. The nozzle casing 17 screwsupon the coupling 18 which has an annular flange 19 that is bolted tothe lining 20 of the furnace A.

A tertiary nozzle 21 is threaded into the interior threads of the nippleof the coupling 18. The mixture issuing from the mouth of the secondarynozzle 14 is augmented and further mixed by the air from the air conduit18 and is carried into the tertiary nozzle 21. The coupling 18 has aring of perforations 22 whic i communicate with the atmosphere. The ringvalve 23 can be'oscillated on its seat through which these perforationspenetrate. This ring valve 23 is perforated, as shown in Fi s. 6 and 7,so that perforations may be broug t into registry, partial registry, orout of registry with the perforations of the coupling. This affords acontrol of the atmospheric air drawn into the burner for combustion. Aset screw 24 is threaded into the ring and projects into a short racecut'in the valve seat to act as a limiter of the oscillating movement ofthe ring. It is only necessary to oscillate the ring a small part of acom- )lOtO turn in order to bring the erforations into or out of reistry and this screw 24, limits the possibe rotative movement to onlysuch as is necessary in the operation of the valve. The air which isadmitted through the perforations 22 rushes in, due to the vacuum causedby aspiration of the mixture issuing from the tertiary nozzle 21.Thisinrushing air tends not only to break up the mixture further andform a more intimate union of the air with the fuel, but also affords aregulable quality of oxygen for combustion.

From the above description, it will be seen that a separate diffusion ofthe fuel and mixture takes place at the mouth of each of the threenozzles, affording, thereby, a triple diffusion burner.

In order to regulate the lateral spread of'the flame, I employ a divider25 which consists of heavy ga e wire bent so as to extend up and partiay across the mouth of the tertiary nozzle. -The' opposite end is loopedfor forming a slot to engage about the adjusting screw 26. By'u'nloosening this screw, which is threaded into the lining 20 of thefurnace, the divider may be raised or lowered so as to project more orless into the path of the mixture issuing from the mouth of the tertiarnozzle. By this means the spread of the ame may be controlled. Therefractory wall B of the furnace A is slotted at 27 and in this slotreciprocates a shield 28 which consists merely of a flat piece ofheat-resisting material. A handle 29 is attached to the shield andprojects through an opening to the exterior of the furnace. The operatormay grasp this handle and raise or lower the shield as desired, theshield being held in any position by friction with the walls of the slot27. This shield serves a very useful function in guarding the nozzle attimes when it is not in use as it protects it from the intense heat ofthe furnace interior.

In Fig. 1, the air conduits are shown. The air is taken through the wallB of the furnace by the air mam 30 and thereby warmed. The air passesthrough this main under a pressure of about sixteen ounces to the squareinch. At the elbow 31 a relief valve 32 screws in.- Opposite theentrance of the relief valve, the main continues to the con pling 33where it divides into the conduits 18" and 15. It will be noted that theconduit 15 is smaller than the conduit 18". I employ about 2%" pipingfor the main, 2"

piping for the conduit 18 and about 1}" piping for the conduit 15. Thisaffords about the correct pro ortion of air for the best results. Therelief valve comprises a bell shaped casing 32 which has an annularopening 34 at its lower rim. A disk valve 35 is ordinarily seated uponits seat by the spiral spring 36. This prevents a communication etweenthe openings 34 and the aperture in the passage of the elbow 81, butwhen the pressure rises above that to which the spring is adjusted bythe cap nut 37, the valve 35 is lifted off of its seat and the pressureis thereby relieved. This is important, inasmuch as the pressure veryoften fluctuates, thereby preventing uniformity in the flames. I believethat I am the first one to secure such uniformity by providing devicesfor automatically assuring uniformity of pressure in the air deliveredto the burner.

In Fig. 12, I have shown a high pressure nozzle which may beinterchanged with the low pressure nozzle shown in Figs. 2 and 1% andnumbered 14. This oonstricts the air passage from the conduit A andthereby in creases the speed of the air issuing through the nozzle.

The nozzle structure above described in which the initial nozzledischarges into the secondary nozzle which is fed with compressed airfrom a separate valve controlled conduit is believed to be a distinctimprovement in that it furnishes an independent atomizer and oxygensupplier-the conduit 18. Ileferrin to Fig. 1, it will be noted that.each of tiese conduits 15 and 18 has a valve in which the conduit 15 isthe usual oxvgen sup lier and atomizin agent. When it is esired to run alow re it becomes necessary to cut oil the suppl of oxygen bydiminishing the supply 0 air through partial closing of the va ve. This,however, depreciates the efficiency of this conduit as an atomizer ofthe fuel and as a result a great deal of the fuel drops at the orificeof the last nozzle without being properly prepared for combustion. In mypresout structure, this defect is overcomeby using an independent airsup lier that has independent means of contro, that is, the conduit 18.\Vhen this conduit is opened up fully, the air rushes in and furnishesan abundant supply of oxygen to reach the highest temperatures. As asecondary function this air conduit throws the air across the orifice ofthe second nozzle and tends further to atomize the mixture.

When it is desired to have a low tem ernture fire in the furnace, as isneeded w en the furnace is not in use, but it is desired to keep it hot,the valve in the conduit 18" is turned nearly closed or closed whichshuts off the oxygen sup ly, but does not atl'cctthe atomizat on of tiefuel that issues from the initial nozzle, as the conduit 15-is stillperformin its atomizing function and furnishing suflibient air to supplythe necessary oxygen for combustion at a low temperature. Temperaturesabove or below that secured by complete closure of the valve in theconduit 18 may be secured without interferin with the proper preparationof the fuel hy the regulation of the two valves in the conduits 18 and15.

\Vhat I claim is:

1. In a device of the character described, the combination with afurnace, of a nozzle located therein from which the flame issues and adivider comprising a rod portion projecting vertically in front of thenozzle and a portion extending to the exterior of the furnace where ithas an adjustable connection therewith to adjust the same vertically,whereby the divider may be moved vertically in front of the nozzle tovary the amount of flame that is given a lateral spread, substantiallyas described.

2. An oil burner, having in combination, a flanged coupling that isboltable to the furnace wall and rovided with air supply openings and ava ve to control the same, a nozzle adapted to be screwed into thecoupling, a nozzle casing that screws onto the end of the couilingopposite the flange, a secondary nozzle that screws into the nozzlecasin at the end opposite its attachment to the coupling, a controllableair conduit attachable at an opening in the side of the nozzle casing,the said secondary nozzle arranged to discharge into said firstmentioned nozzle, a pipe union attachable to the end of the nozzlecasing opposite the end attached to the coupling, a controllable airconduit fitted into an opening in the side of the union, an initialnozzle fitted into the end of the pipe union opposite the attachment tothe nozzle casing, said initial nozzle assing through the pipe union andproecting into the secondary nozzle, a spreader located in the secondarynozzle and in front of the mouth of the initial nozzle, a valve casinglocated at the end of the pipe union op osite the attachment to thenozzle casing, an a valve in said valve casing projecting into theinitial nozzle for controlling the issue of fuel therethrough and an oilipe leading into the valve casing, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof, I sign this specification in the presence of twowitnesses.

FREDRICK J. NICE. \Vitnesses:

STUART C. Banmzs, Vmomm C. SPRATI.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for flve cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner at Patents. Washington, D. O."

